Fungal nail infection, also known as onychomycosis, is caused by various types of fungi called dermatophytes, yeasts, or molds that invade the nail bed and grow under the nail plate. These fungi thrive in warm, moist environments, such as public showers, swimming pools, locker rooms, and sweaty shoes.
Factors that can increase the risk of developing fungal nail infections include:
- Age: Fungal nail infections are more common in older adults.
- Weakened immune system: People with weakened immune systems, such as those with diabetes, HIV, or leukemia, are more susceptible to fungal infections.
- Nail trauma: Nails that have been damaged or injured are more likely to develop fungal infections.
- Nail biting or finger sucking: People who bite their nails or suck their fingers are more likely to develop fungal nail infections.
- Poor circulation: Poor blood flow to the toes can make it harder for the body to fight off infections.
- Footwear: Tight-fitting shoes or shoes that don't allow air to circulate around the feet can create a warm, moist environment that encourages fungal growth.
- Poor hygiene: Poor foot hygiene, such as not washing feet regularly or not drying them thoroughly, can increase the risk of fungal nail infections.